Author: Dina Perrone

The Trump Administration and Effects Towards Immigrants by Marilyn Gaona Rivera

Posted on | by Dina Perrone

References

Alfonseca, K. (2021, September 11). 20 years after 9/11, Islamophobia continues to haunt Muslims. ABC News.

Alvarez, F. (2022, June 28). ‘An epidemic of hate’: Anti-asian hate crimes in California jumped 177% in 2021. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 11, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-06-28/anti-asian-hate-crimes-in-california-jumped-177-in-2021 ​

Anguiano, D. (2019, October 7). It’s Worse than Ever’: How Latinos Are Changing Their Lives in Trump’s America. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/oct/06/latinos-trump-hate-crimes-el-paso. ​

Anti-Latino/a Hate Crimes in Los Angeles County in 2020. Los Angeles County Department of Workforce Development, Aging and Community Services Commission on Human Relations, 2020, https://hrc.lacounty.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/2020-Anti-Latino-a-Hate-Crime.pdf. ​

Beirich , H. (2018, April 24). Trump’s anti-Muslim words and policies have consequences. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved August 9, 2022, from https://www.splcenter.org/news/2018/04/24/trumps-anti-muslim-words-and-policies-have-consequences

Blakemore, E. (2017, September 27). The Brutal History of Anti-Latino Discrimination in America. History.com. www.history.com/news/the-brutal-history-of-anti-latino-discrimination-in-america. ​

Brockell, G. (2021, March 20). The long, ugly history of anti-Asian racism and violence in the U.S. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/03/18/history-anti-asian-violence-racism​

Campbell, J. (2020, November 17). Deadly hate crime levels surge in latest FBI reporting. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/16/politics/hate-crimes-fbi-report/index.html​

Durán, K., & Pipes, D. (2002, August 1). Muslim immigrants in the United States. CIS.org. Retrieved August 11, 2022, from https://cis.org/Report/Muslim-Immigrants-United-States ​

Gamboa, S. (2020, November 16). Rise in Reports of Hate Crimes against Latinos Pushes Overall Number to 11-Year High. NBCNews.com. http://nbcnews.com/news/latino/rise-hate-crimes-against-latinos-pushes-overall-number-highest-over-n1247932. ​

Hawley, G. (2022, March 9). Ambivalent nativism: Trump supporters’ attitudes toward Islam and Muslim immigration. Brookings.

Khan, Qazalbash, F., Adnan, H. M., Yaqin, L. N., & Khuhro, R. A. (2021). Trump and Muslims: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Islamophobic Rhetoric in Donald Trump’s Selected Tweets, SAGE Open, 11(1), 215824402110041–. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211004172​

Kishi, K. (2021, July 22). Assaults against Muslims in U.S. surpass 2001 level. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/15/assaults-against-muslims-in-u-s-surpass-2001-level/​

Lang, C. (2021, February 18). Asian American attacks: What’s behind the rise in violence? Time. https://time.com/5938482/asian-american-attacks/ ​

Levin, Brian. (2019, September). “GLOBAL TERRORISM: THREATS TO THE HOMELAND, PART I.” CSUSB, 10 www.csulb.edu/ files/GLOBAL%20TERRORISM-%20cong%20BL2%2091019.pdf.​

Nick, I. M. (2018). In the Wake of Hate: A Mixed-Method Analysis of Anonymous Threatening Communications Sent during the 2016 US Presidential Election. Nordic Journal of Linguistics, 41(2) 183–203. doi:10.1017/s0332586518000148.​

Park, M. (2018, July 18). Man Found Guilty of Hate Crime in Burning of Texas Mosque. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/17/us/texas-mosque-fire-hate-crime. ​

Pietsch, B. (2022, February 24). Texas man accused of attacking Asian family over racist coronavirus fears pleads guilty to hate-crime charges. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2022/02/24/texas-asian-family-attack-hate-crime/

Roman, Ediberto Sagas, E. (2017). Birthright Citizenship Under Attack: How Dominican Nationality Laws May be the Future of U.S. Exclusion. American University Law Review 66 (2). https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/aulr/vol66/iss6/2​

Stephanie L. Canizales and Jody Vallejo. “Latinos & Racism in the Trump Era.” American Academy of Arts & Sciences, Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License, 2021, https://www.amacad.org/publication/latinos-racism-trump-era. ​

Tan, A. (2016, October 26). ‘Build the Wall Higher’ Graffiti Found at California School with ‘Large Latino Population,’ Police Say. ABC News. Retrieved August 9, 2022, from https://abcnews.go.com/amp/US/build-wall-higher-graffiti-found-california-school-large/story?id=43070252 ​

Todres, Jonathan . (2018) . The Trump Effect, Children, and the Value of Human Rights Education. Family Court Review, 56 (2), Academic Search Complete, doi:10.1111/fcre.12350.​​

Zaid Jilani is Greater Good‘s Bridging Differences Writing Fellow. (2018). Greater Good. https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/why_are_asian_americans_being_attacked_and_what_can_you_do_about_it.

Willow Tree by Lisa Butala

Posted on | by Dina Perrone

A firm tug on a willow tree:
In one second,
There’s no life to be.

A sudden but soft screech in the air;
Countless ears listen,
Without care.

An innocent life gone;
Why wasn’t it considered wrong?

What is the difference between him and me?
What other, than color, could you possibly see,
That justifies what occurs on that tree

For color signifies no difference between him and me,
No reason, just bias;
Stop it,
I plea.

That tree, once beautiful,
Now condemned to ugliness,
Carrying the weight of innocent bodies;
Their breath stolen.

Why such hatred,
That can never be understood;
By the families watching in horror,
Praying if they only could,
Stop it.

It is not right,
For one to have to struggle with all their might,
To be treated as a human being.

Eyes so tired of the ways of the world,
Closing forever;
In hope.

A photograph taken as souvenir;
A spectacle,
Capturing all of its unseen drear.

We give the action a name,
And put it in the past;
But the issue stills remains,
For it is much more vast.

The willow tree once standing,
Crumbles to the ground;
The memories and actions that occurred,
Too profound,
To be forgotten.

References

Allen, J., Als, H., Lewis, J., & Litwack, L. F. (2000). Without sanctuary: Lynching photography in America (p. 209). Santa Fe, NM: Twin Palms.

Brundage, W. F. (Ed.). (1997). Under sentence of death: Lynching in the South. UNC PressBooks.

Oney, S. (2003). And The Dead Shall Rise.

Waldrep, C. (Ed.). (2006). Lynching in America: A history in documents. NYU Press.

Williams, K. E. (2014). Regarding the aftermaths of lynching. The Journal of American History, 101(3), 856-85.

The Tulsa Massacre of 1921 by Maria Fuentes

Posted on | by Dina Perrone

References

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopedia. (2022, May 24). Tulsa race massacre of 1921. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Tulsa-race-massacre-of-1921

Madigan, T. (2021, April 21). American Terror. History. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/tulsa-race-massacre-century-later-180977145/

Messer, Chris M, et al. (2018, October). The Destruction of Black Wall Street: Tulsa’s 1921 Riot and the … Wiley Online Library, The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 29. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ajes.12225

Parshina-Kottas, Y., Singhvi, A., Burch, A. D. S., Griggs, T., Gröndahl, M., Huang, L., Wallace, T., White, J., & Williams, J. (2021, May 24). What The 1921 Tulsa Massacre Destroyed. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/05/24/us/tulsa-race-massacre.html

T.H.E. (2018, March 8). Tulsa Race Massacre. History. https://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/tulsa-race-massacre